Future perspectives for hand transplant in Iran

Hand transplant program is a communion of physicians and researchers during the current decade. 72 hands and digits were transplanted in 53 patients over the past 13 years. Unlike a solid organ transplant, hand transplantation involves various tissues, so it is called and "composite tissue allotransplantation." This article discusses the plans for performing the first hand transplant in Iran

[Designing of human cartilage tissue, by differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells with BMP-6 in alginate scaffold]

In the present study the effect of BMP-6 was investigated on chondrogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue were cultured on alginate scaffold to induce chondrogenesis in experimental group, with chondrogenic medium having BMP-6 growth factor for 3weeks. In control group medium without BMP-6 was applied. The harvested constructs were examined with immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods for assessment of cartilage-specific characteristics. The results of immunohistochemical method revealed the presence of typical cartilage extracellular matrix components such as type II collagen and aggrecan in constructs induced by BMP-6 growth factor on alginate scaffold. In addition evaluation of the results of RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of cartilage- specific genes, such as type II collagen and aggrecan, in the differentiated cells under the influence of growth factor BMP-6. It can be concluded that BMP-6 promotes chondrogenesis of ADSC in 3-D and adipose-derived stem cells could be used for cartilage tissue engineering

[ Effect of chick Embryonic Somites on Neural Rosette Formation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells]

The aim of the present study is to understand if EBs can generate neural rosette upon co-culture with chick embryo sornites. The mouse ES cells, line Royan Bi, were cultured in hanging drops to induce embryoid bodies [EBs] formation. Somites were isolated from the chick embryos and then embedded in alginate solution. Finally, alginate beads containing somites were co-cultured with EBs. RA was added to some EBs according to 2-12+12+ protocol Mean percentage of EBs containing early and late rosettes in somite, control and RA was 1456%, 2.6% and 0.0%, respectively and what is important to rosette formation in EBs was the preseice of neural inducing components as well as the time course of neural differentiation of EBs Chick embryonic somites can induce ES cells -derived EBs to generate rosttte structures with neuron formation capacity

[ case report of cholecystocolonic fistula in a cadaveric setting]

About 12% of complications of cholecystitis are reported to be the fistula between the gall bladder and the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, a case of inflammatory adhesion between the gall bladder and the transverse colon is reported. Due to the importance of this phenomenon, the literature has been reviewed in order to highlight anatomical relation between these two viscera. A case of inflammatory adhesion between the gall bladder and the adjacent part of transverse colon was observed during routine dissection of abdominal cavity of a male middle age cadaver. The adhesional fold contained multiple fistulae between the fundus of gall bladder and the adjacent part of transverse colon. Through the round openings of these fistulae, the green bile material appeared to have been passed from the gall bladder to the colon. In cases of untreated chronic cholecystitis, this kind of inflammatory adhesion between the gall bladder and the adjacent part of transverse colon and subsequent fistulae used to be a usual complication. Because of low level of hygiene and medical services, the frequency of these complications, was not uncommon in the past, but their occurrence has decreased in recent decades. Meanwhile, due to the possibility of occurrence, the emphasis on anatomicaI relation of these two viscera, and drafting an integrated discussion of anatomy, developmental and clinical aspects of heptorenal pouch is mandatory in the educational areas